Fluid dispensing machine



Sept. 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24. 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet l ROBERT W. JOHNSON IN V EN TOR.

HT TORNE YS /a /sns Sept. 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24. 1947 N $4? 522% x1??? M W JV, NH w f J J I u u n m K l u i ROBERT W JOHNSON.

' INVENTOR.

HTTORNEYS.

16 Sheets-Sheet 3 ROBERT W JOHNSON.

IN VEN TOR.

HTTORNEYS.

R. w. JOHNSON FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE egg 5. 65b

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FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24. 1947 l6 Sheets-5heet 4 o INVENTOR. 7 19: 6

HTTOIPNE Y5.

Sept. 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON 2,609,982

FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 5 ROBE/8T w JOHNSON.

INVENTOR.

HTTOPNEYS Sept. 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON 2,609,982

' 1 FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 6 ROBERT W, JOHNSON Eg 8 INVENTOR..

HTTORNEYS.

p 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON 2,609,982

FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1947 16 SheetsSheet 7 65 I92 I75 I70 [69 A [81 I54 ROBERT W JOHNSON.

IN VEN TOR.

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FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 8 M o H OON M m& 1: New fl N2 .3 W n "a +2 m I m I w \mi u m 02 m r I m in t: W 8. n. y S. M F N". J. m l mm- E mi mot Q: fi m: mm. 7 9L 5..

ROBERT W JOI/A/SON.

INVENTOR.

BY aeazfl TTURNE Y5.

Sep 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24. 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 9 ROBERT wJoH/vso/v. o I 4 INVENTOR.

ATTORNEYS.

. Sept. 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON 2,609,982

FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 10 ROBERT W JOHNSON.

IN VEN TOR.

,4 T 1" ORNE Y5.

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INVENTOR.

HTTORNE Y5.

Sept. 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON 2,609,982

FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24, 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet 14 ROBERT W. JOHNSON INVENTOR.

IN VEN TOR.

' HTTORNE'YS.

R. W. JOHNSON FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE l6 Sheets-Sheet 15 ROBERT W JOHNS ON Sept. 9, 1952 Filed Sept. 24, 1947 Sept. 9, 1952 R. w. JOHNSON 2,509,982

FLUID DISPENSING MACHINE Filed Sept. 24. 1947 16 Sheets-Sheet l6 LINE).

SWYTCH F055 FUSE ANTI JACK POT P sw. RELAY 5 vzuome RELAY Lmcume) LECT L AT 5w Us! SONLV E '58. LAMP -2:: sy. ouw

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\ ANTI JACK Po'r RELAY 1 WW ELECT. FLOAT 5w, sow our LAMP we. A I U I CUP DISPENSING 0R VENDING MOTOR V.R. L-

can open. sw. J LINE l LINE 'Z DISPENSANG 77 l SWITCH ELECT. FLOAT S (3l5) cAN ovznm MOTOR STARTER swrr fl FUSE MICRO SW. ("16) FUSE- CAN OPENER STARTER MOTOR L 3| SW STARTER sw I I L l J ELEMENTARY ROBERT W- JOHNSON IN VEN TOR.

BY M /M.

HTTOIPNEYS.

aroma of the fresh fruit or vegetable.

Patented Sept. 9, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE I 2,609,982 a i. a f

FLUID msrrmsmGMAonim:

Robert W. Johnson, Lakeland, Fla l 1 Application September 24, 1947, Serial No. 775,933 j maintained under refrigerating conditions in a chamber wherein, responsive towithdrawa'ls from a'reservoir, one of the cans is moved into alpredetermined position, opened and the contents discharged into said reservoir, from whichthe fluid contents may be dispensed a measured quantity at a time. I

There are on the market and in use at the present time a number of varieties of coin-operated, beverage-dispensing machines. Some of these operate by individually dispensing the contents of bottled, soft drinks]? while others dispense carbonated or synthetic beveragesiroin a vat or reservoir the liquid contents of whichconsists of a syrup, a flavorin extract and a diluent, generally water which is generally carbonated and mixed within the reservoir. Such beverages serve a useful purpose and are in considerable demand as thirst-quenchers. All of suchdevices dispense automatically in response to coin-oper-' ated mechanism. l

So far'as I am aware nosuch prior art device has been successful in dispensing natural'fruit juices and none has dispensed the contents or a sealed can. The dispensing of fruit and vegetable juices has heretofore presented certain insuper able difliculties. Juice freshly pressed from fruit or vegetables such as oranges, grapefruit, apples, pineapples, tomatoes and the like has a pleasing taste. When permitted to stand, however, even under chilling conditions, chemical, bacteriological, and enzymic decomposition sets incausing sedimentation, gasification, and marked deteriqration in the taste, quality and nutritional value of the juice, These characteristics of other than perfectly fresh juices caused non-uniform, distasteful and unsanitary drinks to result when any attemptwas made to dispense fresh juices in any type of automatic dispensing machine. j

By careful research and careful processing packers of fruits and vegetables have learned how to can and preserve fresh fruit and vegetable juices while capturing and retaining in thecanned product almost every bit of the original flavor and Moreover, modern scientific canning preserves the nutritional and vitamin qualities of the perfectly ripe fruit or vegetable-something which is soon 22 Claims. (01.325 41) 2 lost when either the original fruitor vegetable or the juice therefrom is permitted to age or stand exposed to the atmosphere;

My invention has for one of, its objects the pro vision of an automatic dispensing machine which will permit the consuming public to'purchase a cupful of a beverage which is dispensed from a relatively small reservoinl'the fluid contents'of which are replaced, automatically and as needed, from the contents or sealed cans. A further object of my invention is the supplying to the reservoir of a fluid or beverage preferably fruit or vegetable juice freshly'released from a sealed can which contains the beverage or fruit or vegetable juice, with its original flavor, aroma, and nutritional value, practically unimpaired.

A still further object of my invention is the provision of a cabinet which contains a refrigerated compartment wherein is maintained a supply of chilled sealed cans,each containing a beverage or fruit or vegetablejuice, the said compartment also being providedwith an arrangement of elements which will permit one orjseveral of the cans to be moved into place, punctured, and to dis: charge its or their fluid contents into a sanitary reservoir fromfwhich measured amounts of the fluid may be withdrawn and dispensed into a cup, all. in f response to coin-operated control devices. A still further object is the provision of such a cabinet which willprovide ready access tothe interior of the refrigerated compartment for re moving emptycans andreplacing them with full ones and for removing andeleaning therelatively few parts, which are exposedto contact with the fluidbeing dispensed. The termfsealed can as used herein is without intended limitation as, to the component material of the container, whether sheet metal or other, and generally includes any sealed container having a portion susceptible to punching, puncturing or other engaging action to open a dispensing aperture.

An indirect but important object of my invention is the cons'rvationo'f natural resources and the resultant contribution to the health and wel fare of the consuming public by making it possible, by canning and preserving, to store up large quantities of fruit and vegetable juices during the bearing season of the respective fruit or vegetable and to convey such stored-up juices to the purchasing public economically, simply, under sanitaryconditions and with a minimum of handling. A still further object is the elimination of 'the waste and excessive handling attendant upon the shipment of the whole fruit or vegetable to distribution centers such as food stores, soda fountains, and the like, wherein the whole fruit or vegetable is squeezed into a glass in response best regulated conditions, exposes both the fruit and the consumer to the danger of bacterial infection and diseases. It is an object to eliminate these disadvantages. I

Other objects of my'invention will be apparent as my description thereof proceeds. I shall now describe my invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein likereierence,

numerals relate to the same or similar-elements v and wherein: V

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the'cabinet. Figure 2 is a front elevation of the-cabinetwith the exterior front door removed.

7 Figure 3 is a side elevation of the cabinet partly in cross-section as taken ,along the line 3i-i'-3Lo n Fi u e. r t

Figure 4 is a top plan viewofgthe exterior front door ofthe cabinet}, j c

Fi ure is a. f nt. el vation 'of" the icabi et. partly in cross-sectionasutakenalong the line 5-5 of Figure 3, andshows' thejarrangement of elements within thecabinet.

Figure; 6 is a side elevation partlyin. cross: section, taken alonglthe" line e -e'oiFigure 5'. V Fi re 7. is. a top. p an; view,. p r 1y..in cross section as taken along, the line l e- I of Figure 5. Figure 8 is. a crossasectional side elevation. in... de ail ofa flu d. res rvoir... measuringvalve nd ispensingoutletre. 9 s. a. detail}, ide,.e1 va.tion oflan. arrangementof elements for ,moving. ..cans1, on a track and for, moving a selectedcan into, can punching position; j

.Figure .10, is,av side,e1evation' ,in,detailiof a .caniandspider assembly for imparting controlled and limited. movement, of a selec.te.djean.v

Figure 11, is atopplanrview, in; detail vofian arrangement for holding and punching ,a ,selected can. i

FigurelZ. isa2 front plan view of ,onegof the can-tracksprockets 'p'rovicledwith a clutchplate andshaft extension to permit manual, cranking andmovementofthe can ,track. during; charging operations, Figure l3,,is aside-view of, the sprocket, and clutch shown inFigurelZ. I I ..-Ffl gure. l t-is a side elevation, in perspective, or an auxiliary cansupportorfhatrackl adapted to be placedwithin frea space' in the refrigerated compartmentv of my cabinet. Figure .is a detailedside, view. of. 9....canshowing its position, and. the deviation from. ahorizonta'l position, during allmove ment around the track except during the can-punching operation.

Figure 16 is a detailed side view. ofa-canshowingits position and-the deviation from a: horizontal; position during-thecan punching; operation. a c

Figures, '17; 18, l9, and -20: are-detailed -views', similar to. Figure 10 -s howing': the; relative positio'n of the working; parts. during: ,a ,=3.60-- cycle ofrotation. of the cans. -Figures' 21, 22, 23, and 24 ardetailedviews similar to Figure 11 showing the relative'positions of a can head and the can punch blade during a 360 cycle of rotation of the can-punchingdrive sprocket,

Figure, 25 is, aschematic drawing showing the relativeposition of a canhead and the, canepunch a as well as the direction of movement of the latter during a can-punching cycle.

Figure 26 is a side elevation, in detail and partly in cross-section of the upper portion of the fluid reservoir with solenoid and actuating switches, not shown in Figure 8, and more clearly shown in this figure than in Figure 5.

Figure 27 is a front elevation of a cabinet, somewhat similar to Figure 5 but with. an alter 'tive arrangement of working; parts ,shown in operative assembly. v

Figure 28 is a side elevation somewhat similar .to Figure 8 but with the alternative arrangement .of its working parts, shown in Figure 2'7 shown in greater detail. .Figure'29gis a detailed front elevation of a driving sprocketand gear assembly adapted to impart-controlled rotation of the gear as a mechanical equivalent of the arrangement shown in Figures 10, 17, 18, 19 and 20.

Figure 30.is-. an elementary. wiring diagram.

Referring now more. particularly. totheQ-fig; uresv of. the. drawings and the-several elements illustrated therein I represents generally a cabinet. wherein. I house and maintain thevarious operative elements ,ofmy. invention. Fhe cabinet maybe. of. any suitable .constructionl'and dimen si'oh's', although, Ijprefer that it be Tpossessed'of an external .shell .of sheetLm'etal clec'orati'vely. cov ered With,,.any suitable. lacquered, enameledor pai'ntedfinish. The cabinet I has. a top..2, sides 3,,and4, bottom 5 and a, hingedexterior front door, 6. The hinges. arenot. shown in Figure-l, or. .elsewhereinthe drawings, since I prefer that they be concealed hinges of anyconvlentional make. ,The. hinges will preferably be .located along the right-hand. edge 3. of the, cabinetso as topermitthe vdoor to. be swung openwhen lock II is. unlocked; Located at any; suitable point in the door 6 is'ra coinslot. fi'and-amanual coin return. lever 8. which. will permit the return.- of

' coins either. when 1 making, change or.v when. the

contents .of the dispensingm'achine. have. become exhausted andthereisv nothing to dispense. Lo catedata. convenient and accessible portionin the. front. door 6 is a'recess generally referred ;to asileprovided with one or more. sub-recessesl l and. I2. .The precise arrangementofthe recess H) and its component parts may. be changedas desired-both with. regardv to. the. aesthetic and utilitarianconsiderations involved. For the-'purposesof illustrating my invention, however, the smaller...sub-reeesses H a may. be --utilized 'as .a receptacle. for empty. paper, cups Whichsmav-be discharged therein .andcollected in: a' contai-ner withintheinterior of the cabinet; they may, also beused as coin pockets into which changeor returnedcoins are droppedu-pon operation of the coinoperated mechanism hereafter" described. In general, a.somew-hat larger sub-recess [2 will beprovided- .as an access recess into'which' a fresh. cup, will be .-.droppedand then filled with beverage-after. the coin operated mechanism-has been setinmotion by. dropping a coin irr slot 8.

Theexteriorfrontdoor- 6 normallyconceals, and whenv opened reveals, at least two smaller doors both of which-are hinged topermit'access into, a, refrigerated compartment l4,:having= an interior top surface i6, bottomsurface 11,- rear surfacelii and front surface I9. .In general,- this compartment is a double-walled. compartment between. each-Waller which there is packed a suitable insulating material .24 Referringnow to Figure. 3 of the drawingsit will be seen that the rear. of the compartment'is formed by'the exterior ,rear. wall 13, of the cabinet and: thein terior rear wall [8 of the compartment. The access doors hereabove referred to are likewise ofvdouble-wall construction with the space between the walls filled with insulating material 24. The upper door 20, suitablyhinged as shown in-2l: and. 22, provides access to the upper portion of therefrigerated zone l4 for purposes which will hereinafter be more fully described but which in general relate to the removal of empty cans and the charging of the compartment with full cans. The lower access door 23 (likewise' suitably hinged by hinges not shown) permits access to the lower portion of the compartment l4 for purposes which will hereinafter be more fully described but which in general relate toaccess to certain portions of the fluid reservoir for the removal, cleaning and replacement of .such' parts. Within the cabinet and in the lower portion thereof, below the bottom ll of the refrigerated compartment I4, is a space which I have designated l5, adapted to house certain operative elements of my machine.

Referring now to the exterior front door 6 as'shown in Figure 4 of the drawings it will be seen'that the door is preferably of a recessed construction and that it possesses a front face 25, a rear peripheral face 26, rounded vertical edges 21 and an interior hollow-out face 28. I prefer that the hollow-out space provided by 28 be used to accommodate such receptacles as are necessary to store and dispense cups of paper, or equivalent material, coin receiving, collecting and returning devices, as well as whatever receptacle is-provided for receiving ,used cups discharged through sub-recess ll. Of course, the space within 28 will also accommodate the recess ID or itscomponent parts if made up of a plurality of separate recesses.

Within the lower space l5 and beneath the refrigerated, insulated compartment I 4 is a motor 3l' suitably supported by brackets 29 and shelf 30. The drive shaft 32 of the motor extends into a suitable housing 33 wherein by meansof suitable bevel gears, not shown, the rotation of the horizontal shaft 32 is translated'to a vertical shaft; 34 which extends upwardly and into the interior of the compartment I4. Alternatively,

in compartment [4, and the refrigerating unit 35 to provide circulation of the refrigerating fiuidand resultant refrigeration of the compartment- [4. Disposed at the rearwall of space I5 is a removable screen 39, adapted when in place to provide ingress of air to dissipate the heat generated by the refrigerating unit 35 and motor 3|, and adapted when removed to permit access to the motor(s) 3| for repairing or cleaning the same.

Referring now to Figure 6 of the drawings it will be seen that within the space between the rear face 28 of outer door 6 and the front walls of access doors 20 and 23, I accommodate a coincollecting and actuating assembly 40 which is positioned in operative relationship with coin slot 8. A coin or change return tube 4| depends from this assembly and leads to a suitable coin cup or sub-recess II. This coin-collecting and actuating device is not part of my invention and I contemplate using any one of the several types now on the market. I have therefore illustrated this unit in a purely conventional manner.

Likewise I have illustrated, purely conventionally as 42 a magazine for drinking cups of paper or the like which may be discharged from the magazine and into operative position below a pouring spout in a manner heretofore'wellknown in other types of beverage dispensingmachines. Turning now to the interior of the insulated, refrigerated compartment 14, adjacent the top thereof suitable iron or steel plates or rods 43 are horizontally placed to provide brace members and supports for the hubs of certain sprockets.

Similarly disposed adjacent the bottom of the compartment 14 are, corresponding plates orrods 44. 'If further stiffening or support is required suitable vertical plates'or rods 54 may be pro vided between the plates 43 and 44 and the roof and floor, respectively of compartment H A pair of shafts or hubs 45,45 are horizontally disposed at right angles to and supported byrthe upper frame plates43 (there being one such plate at the'front and one at the rearof the compartment). A similar pair of shafts or hubs 41, 41

are likewise so disposed and supported by the lower frame plates 44. Mounted near each end of right hand shaft 45 is one of a pair of sprockets 48, 48 (not shown in Figure 5 because hidden behind sprocket 50) and near each end of left hand shaft 46 is one of asimilar pair of sprockets Similar sprockets, inpairs, 49a, 45a.

section or are formed of beams having open. flanged edges on each side so as to provide guide surfaces on three sides of the track with an open face presented in the direction of the opposing open face on the other track. Adjacent each track 52 and 52a'is a vertical guideway 53 whichdesirably is formed of an angle-iron the inner flangeof which "cooperates with each track 52 and 52a to'form the wall-end boundaries of a can pathway. Suitable horizontal plates .54 may be provided to stiffen and strengthen this can pathway. Several vertically disposed parallel rods or plates 55 are bolted, riveted or otherwise suitably fastened to the plates 54, being if desired, further braced and stiffened with respect to each, other with suitable horizontal ties not shown.

These rods or plates 55 are spaced inwardly from the interior side walls of compartment I4 by a distance somewhat greater than the diameter of the cans, which in conjunction with guides 52 and 53 (or- 52a and 53), they areadaptedito restrain in the can pathway formed thereby. To. permit uniform movement of the cans external= vertical movement whichz the .uniti-is designed.

rungs which-provide :can'supports:areiintgeneral horizontally disposed, but for a purposetto be hereafterexplainedi are preferably tapered; being thicker at-Lthefrontv or' can-head end than" they arciattheirear or'can-bottom end; The space. 58Ibetween" each: pair of adj acent rungs 51; 51 is. adapt'e'd'to:accommodate.a can 59 of the size for Prjeviouslyll have explained how the rotational force-10f motor 3| is translated to the lower end of? vertical shaft 34. At its upper end, shaft 34, through the: medium of a set of bevel gears locatedint housing 60; has' its rotational force translated to horizontal shaft 6'! end of shaft 5|, it is operatively connected'for rotation of' worm gear 62, the teeth of which mesh with. drive gearfiii, which is mounted on gear 58', through the medium of endless chain 5! a and idling sprockets '48, 38a, 59a, and 292), causes a movement 'ofthe ladder formed by chains 5! and rungs" 51', thereby moving the cans 55 in the can pathway. In" the embodiment illustrated in Figure' 5 of the drawings, the movement of the cans irr the-can pathway is in, a counter-clockwise directioni i Adjacent to the top of compartment M, and at a; point where the heretofore vertical movement ofthe cans in the can pathway has been changed I to horizontal movement, the inner guide bars or rods-p55- are directionally changed to provide downwardly sloping tracks 67.. As the cans 59 reach this, track they tend, by gravity, to drop fromrthe spaces 58 between the rungs 5i, and as' progressively shown by reference numbers 68a, 68b, and tile, are transferred down the inclined surface -57 until they reach the opening, cutting, puncturing or can-punching position indicated at? 680. After a: can has been cut open or apertured as by the punch designated generally as 69:: and' its' contents permitted to drain to and througlrthetubular conduit or pipe 10, the empty can is permitted to drop onto lip 550. as shown imposition 68d, whence'it will fall by gravity into the can pathway and will assume a position within the space 53 between two adjacent rungs fi'l-o'f thexlad'der. lT'he opener, punch or puncturing' means' 'dS-includes a cutter, blade or head I71 later described.

"Thefluid'which has entered conduit it drains into aJfiuid" reservoir dispensing vessel, pan or thelike' 'H' which, through the medium of "suitab'le 'braoemember-s or supports '52 is held in position above a suitable ledge or support 13. Disposed below reservoir?! is a valve housing M, at the lower end of which a tubular conduit having'an interiorbore it is adapted for conveyingfluid' to a dispensing spout. In the modification' shown in Figure 5 of my drawings mounted: above reservoir H is a'solenoid H, the

purposes and parts of which will be described in detail hereinafter. Disposed within a suitable freespace within compartment M I may provide an arrangement which I term a hat rack 18 for. the purpose ofsupporting and storing a num ber. of cans over and above that number which willbe accommodated within the can pathway,

At the outerv Si sofas togain/the advantage of pre-coolingisuch cans 11195 Desiralaly, I may also provide'perforations; or "vent holes 8? through support 13: and; suspendfrom support 73 a suitable air fan or blower 8'5. Such an arrangement, particularly,

where the blower 8i. is located adjacent to the cooling'coils '37, willv augment the circulation of cold-lair and provide a more uniformdegree of refrigeration. in the upper part of compart' merit l4.

Turning now to Figure 8 of the drawingsit will-be seen that reservoir H is'gen'erally bowl- 1 shapedor panelike andthat depending from'th'e bottom therefrom and through a suitable'openmg therein1is valve-housingld'." At its upper'end" housing' l lissealedinto the bottom of reservoir 'H'so as to provide .a. leak-proof joint. At'itslower-end'housing l4 depends over and into an enlarged vertical catch basin I59, the interior,

HA, of which communicates with pa ssagelfi" of conduit l5;

Disposed within the cylindrical valve-housing and of a size to provide a snug yet'relatively frictionless fit therein, is a perforated cylinder H32; Substantially co-axial with the vertical axis of. the cylinder it is a vertical rodiilil, preferably tubular, the extreme upper end of which is open to-the'atmospliere; For sealing offthe bottom of cylinder E321 provide a flat disc-plate Hid-which is held firmly in place, yet removably so; by wing-nut I 35 which is threadedfonto the bottom end of rod I83.

overlap the bottom edges of housing M thereby functioning not only as a bottom for cylinder "H12 but as a stop to'limitupward movement of cylinder I62. A similar disc-plate ml, of corresponding size and dimensions, is mounted'on the top edge of'cylinder I02, likewise both to sealoff the-top thereof and to serve asa stop to limit downward movement of the cylinder when in' contact with the top edge of housing l4. An air vent H24 in rod N33 is provided to prevent air compression when thecylinder :52 is lowered and to'prevent air-lock when the cylinder-is being collar m9.

I63 and cylinder 462. be perforated and in lieu of a single disc two or more may be attached to tube 1 Min spaced'relation to each other.

Cylinder N32" is perforated with a plurality of" When the cylinder'is in: its uppermost position, thatis when .stopped'by' ports HEI', Hi and H2.

disc 95, ports it] are disposed above the top marginal edge of housing 14 so. as to provide fluid passagewaysbetween fluid within, reservoir H;

and the spacewithin cylinder H32. .Downward movement of cylinder M2 closes off the ports H0] andseals off the interior of H from the'interior of 02. Ports H2 are normally sealedby the interior wall of housing 14 when cylinder I021 is in elevated position but lowering the ports I [2 below. the bottom edge ofiliousing l4, opens these.

ports andpermits the fluid contents of cylinder Hi2 to drain into catch basin H18.

more readily cleanedand sterilizedwhen removed ,This plate was pref erably' circular in shape and large enouglrto The. distance. between upper ports Hi3 and lower ports H2:- is. so relatedto the length of housing M -that:one set of. ports is always sealed off. Ports lliqare provided to lighten cylinder 102 by eliminating excess weight and topermit cylinder I02 to .be- 

